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18650 |
Li-ion cylindrical cell format measuring 18mm x 65mm |
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A |
Ampere (electrical) |
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AC |
Alternating current |
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ACA |
Accessory Charging Adapters used to charge batteries from USB port |
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AEDLC |
Asymmetric Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitor |
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AFC |
Alkaline fuel cell |
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AGM |
Absorbent Glass Mat (battery) |
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AGV |
Automatic Guided Vehicle |
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Ah |
Ampere-hour; battery provides energy over a specified time |
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APU |
Auxiliary Power Unit |
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ASoC |
Absolute state-of-charge |
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ASoH |
Absolute state-of-health |
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Bar |
Unit of pressure; 1 bar = 100kPa; 1 bar = 14.503psi |
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bbl |
Measurements of liquid, 1 barrel = 42 US gallons (35 Imperial gallons), 159 liters |
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BCI |
Battery Council International |
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BESS |
Battery energy storage system (also known as ESS) |
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BMS |
Battery management system |
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BTU |
British Thermal Unit; 1 BTU = 1,054 joules; 1 BTU = 0.29WhC Celsius, Centigrade (°C x 9/5 + 32 = °F) |
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Cal |
food labelCalorie; 1cal = 1.16 watt; 1cal = 4.18 joules |
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CAN Bus |
Controller Area Network, vehicular network to communicate with applications |
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CCA |
Cold cranking amps at –18°C (0°F). The norms differ as follows: - BCI discharges battery at CCA-rate for 30s; battery at or above 7.2V passes - IEC discharges battery at CCA-rate for 60s; battery at or above 8.4V passes - DIN discharges battery at CCA-rate for 30s and 150s; battery at or above 9V and 6V respectively passes
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CCCV |
Constant current constant voltage (charge method for lead acid, Li-ion) |
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CCV |
Closed circuit voltage (battery under charge or discharge) |
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CID |
Circuit interrupt device (acts as fuse) |
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CL |
Current limiting (as in charging a battery) |
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CNG |
Compressed natural gas |
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CNT |
Carbon nanotube |
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Co |
Cobalt (metal) |
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COC |
Certificate of Competency |
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CO2 |
Carbon dioxide (also seen as CO2) |
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C-rate |
Discharge rate of a battery |
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DC |
Direct current |
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DCA |
Dynamic charge acceptance |
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DC-to-DC |
Direct current to direct current converter, also seen as DC-DC or DC/DC |
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DCP |
Dedicated Charger Port, a dedicated USB charging port only with no data |
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DGP |
Dangerous Goods Panel |
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DGR |
Dangerous Goods Regulation |
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DLC |
Double-layer capacitor |
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DMFC |
Direct Methanol Fuel Cell |
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DoD |
Depth of discharge |
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DSP |
Digital signal processor |
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dT/dt |
Delta Temperature over delta time (charge method) |
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EBM |
Electronic battery monitor |
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EDTA |
Crystalline acid |
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EFB |
Enhanced Flooded Battery |
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EIS |
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy |
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ELC |
Equivalent lithium content |
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EMF |
Electromagnetic field |
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EMF |
Electromotive force |
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ESS |
Energy storage systems |
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EV |
Electric vehicle |
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F |
Fahrenheit (°F - 32) x 5/9 = °C) |
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f |
Farad (unit of capacitance) |
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FC |
Fuel cell |
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GSM |
Global System for Mobile Communications (cell phones) |
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h |
Hour (time) |
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HEV |
Hybrid electric vehicle |
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hp |
Horsepower (power) 1hp = 745.7 watts |
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Hz |
Hertz (electrical frequency) |
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I |
Current (electrical) |
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IC |
Integrated circuit (chip) |
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ICE |
Internal combustion engine |
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IEC |
International Electrochemical Commission |
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IPF |
Interfacial protective film |
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IS |
Intrinsic safety (used on batteries) |
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J |
Joule (unit of energy), 1J = 1A at 1V for 1s = 1 watt x second; 1J = 0.238 calorie/s |
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kJ |
Kilo-Joule; 1kJ = 0.277Wh |
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km |
Kilometer; 1km = 0.621 miles |
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kN |
Kilo-Newton (law of motion) 1N = 1kg m/s2 |
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kPa |
Kilo-Pascal (pressure); 1kPa = 0.01 bar; 1kPa = 0.145psi |
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kW |
Kilowatt (electrical power); 1kWh = 3.6MJ; 1MJ = 860kcal = 238cal/s |
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kWh |
Kilowatt-hour (electrical energy) |
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L |
Inductance (electrical coil) |
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LCD |
Liquid crystal display |
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LCO |
Lithium cobalt oxide (also LiCoO2, secondary battery) |
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LED |
Light emitting diode |
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LFP |
Lithium iron phosphate (also LiFePO4, secondary battery) |
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LFPT |
Low frequency pulse train (method to test a battery) |
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LiCoO2 |
Lithium ion cobalt oxide (also LCO, secondary battery) |
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LiFePO4 |
Lithium iron phosphate oxide (also LFP, secondary battery) |
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LiFeS2 |
Lithium iron disulfide (primary battery) |
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Li-ion |
Lithium-ion battery (short form) |
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LIN Bus |
Local Interconnect Network, low-cost multiplexed automotive communication |
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Li-M |
Lithium manganese dioxide (also LiMnO2, primary battery) |
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LiMn2O4 |
Lithium ion manganese oxide (also LMO, secondary battery, spinel structure) |
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LiMnO2 |
Lithium manganese dioxide (primary battery, different from secondary LiMn2O4) |
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LiNiCoAlO2 |
Lithium ion nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (also NCA, secondary battery) |
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LiNiMnCoO2 |
Lithium ion nickel manganese cobalt oxide (also NMC, secondary battery) |
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Li2TiO3 |
Lithium titanate oxide (also LTO, secondary battery) |
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LiSO2 |
Lithium sulfur dioxide (primary battery) |
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LiSOCI2 |
Lithium thionyl chloride (also LTC, primary battery) |
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L/km |
Liter per kilometre |
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LMO |
Lithium ion manganese oxide (also LiMn2O4, secondary battery, spinel structure) |
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LTC |
Lithium thionyl chloride (also LiSOCI2, primary battery) |
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LTO |
Lithium-titanate (also Li2TiO3, secondary battery) |
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m |
Meter (dimension) 1m = 3.28 feet; 1m x 0.305 = 1 foot |
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mAh |
Milliampere-hours |
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MCFC |
Molten carbonate fuel cell |
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mHz |
Millihertz (1mHz has a sinusoidal revolution of 1,000 seconds) |
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Microfarad [µF] |
Farad is the standard unit of capacitance, one-millionth 10-6 of a farad) |
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Min |
Minute (time) |
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mm |
Millimeter (dimension) 1mm = 0.039”; 1mm x 25.4 = 1” |
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Mn |
Manganese (chemical element used in batteries) |
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MPa |
Mega-Pascal unit of pressure (1MPa = 145 psi) |
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MPPT |
Maximum power point tracking |
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Mpg |
Miles per gallon |
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ms |
Millisecond |
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MW |
Megawatt (power) |
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N |
Newton is a force. 1N = 1kg m/s2 (force required to accelerate 1kg at 1m/s) |
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NaS |
Sodium-sulfur (battery) |
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NCA |
Lithium-ion battery with nickel, cobalt, aluminum cathode (also LiNiCoAlO2) |
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NCV |
Net calorific value (1 food calorie = 1.16 watt-hour; standard rating is 1.16mWh) |
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NDV |
Negative delta V (full-charge detection) |
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NG |
Natural gas, consumption measured in joules (1,000 joules = 0.277Wh) |
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NiCd |
Nickel-cadmium (secondary battery) |
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NiFe |
Nickel-iron (secondary battery) |
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NiH |
Nickel-hydrogen battery (secondary) |
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NiMH |
Nickel-metal-hydride (secondary battery) |
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NiZn |
Nickel-zinc (secondary battery) |
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NMC |
Lithium-ion with nickel, manganese, cobalt cathode (also LiNiMnCoO2) |
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NTC |
Negative temperature coefficient |
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OCV |
Open circuit voltage |
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OEM |
Original equipment manufacturer |
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Pa |
Pascal (1Pa = 0.00045psi) |
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PAFC |
Phosphoric acid fuel cell |
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PEM |
Proton exchange membrane (fuel cell), also PEMFC |
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PEMFC |
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell, also PEM |
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pf |
Pico-farad (capacitor rating, one-trillionth 10-12 of a farad) |
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pf |
Power factor (ratio of real power to the apparent power on AC) |
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PHEV |
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle |
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psi |
Pound per square inch (pressure) 1psi = 0.145kPa; 1psi x 6.89 = 1kPa |
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PTC |
Positive temperature coefficient |
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QA |
Quality assurance |
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R |
Resistor (electrical) |
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RC |
Remote control |
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R&D |
Research and development |
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RSoC |
Relative state-of-charge (also known as SoC) |
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RSoH |
Relative state-of-health (also known as SoH) |
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RPM |
Revolution per minutes Second (time) |
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SBS |
Smart Battery System |
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SEI |
Solid electrolyte interface (Li-ion) |
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SG |
Specific gravity (acid density of electrolyte) |
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SLA |
Sealed lead acid (battery) |
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SLI |
Starter-light-ignition (battery), also known as starter battery |
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SMBus |
System Management Bus, single-ended simple two-wire bus for batteries and more |
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SoC |
State-of-charge |
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SoF |
State-of-function |
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SOFC |
Solid oxide fuel cell |
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SoH |
State-of-health |
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UL |
United Laboratories (product safety testing and certification) |
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UPS |
Uninterruptible power supply |
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USB |
Universal Serial Bus (data) |
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V |
Voltage (electrical) |
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VA |
Volt-ampere (similar to watt with true current flow in a reactive load) |
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VAC |
Voltage with alternating current (grid) |
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VL |
Voltage limiting (as in charging a battery) |
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VRLA |
Valve regulated lead acid (battery) |
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W |
Watt (electrical power; voltage x current = watts) |
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Wh |
Watt-hour (electrical energy; watts x h = Wh); 1Wh = 860 cal/h = 0.238cal/s |
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Wh/kg |
Watt-hour per kilogram (measurement of specific energy) |
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Wh/km |
Watt-hour per kilometre |
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Wh/l |
Watt-hour per litter (measured in energy density) |
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Wi-Fi |
Wireless fidelity (network) |
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W/kg |
Watt per kilogram (measurement of specific power) |
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WPC |
Wireless Power Consortium, standard for wireless charging |
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Z |
Impedance (reactance-based resistance, frequency dependent) |